Chapter 1 Executive Summary

Chapter 2 Background to CSP Markets
Scope and Methodology of Report
Market Definition and History
General CSP Process Description for electricity generation

Figure 2-1 CSP process schematic

Market Categories
Parabolic troughs

Figure 2-2 Parabolic trough design
Figure 2-3 Parabolic trough mirror/receiver detail

Power Towers

Figure 2-4 Power tower design
Figure 2-5 Power tower mirror/receiver detail

Dish/Engine Systems

Figure 2-6 Dish/Engine design
Figure 2-7 Dish/engine concentration system detail

Linear Fresnel Reflectors

Figure 2-8 Fresnel lens optics
Figure 2-9 Linear Fresnel reflector detail

Thermal Storage

Figure 2-10 Thermal storage schematic detail

Hybrid Plants

Figure 2-11 Hybrid Plant Schematic
Figure 2-12 Hybrid plant power source by hour of the day

Concentrating Solar for Heat Generation
Industrial uses of solar heat

Figure 2-13 CSP -Solar Heat schematic
Figure 2-14 CSP -Global Industrial use

Residential uses of solar heat

Figure 2-15 CSP -US Residential installations

Comparison of Market Categories

Table 2-1 Features of CSP Categories
Table 2-2 Power Generation efficiency by CSP category

CSP Market Factors
Climatic Factors

Table 2-3 Climatic factors vs. Solar Energy Process
Figure 2-16 Geographic distribution of climatic factors

Power Distribution Factors

Table 2-4 Comparison of HVAC vs. HVDC
Table 2-5 Power generation factors vs. distance to market
Figure 2-17 Contribution to power grid by CSP category

Cooling Process Factors

Table 2-6 Cooling Options
Figure 2-18 Water cooling schematic
Figure 2-19 Dry cooling schematic

The Renewable Power Industry
Value of Electricity from Renewable Sources
Public policies affect on Renewable Power Generation
Policies to Promote Renewable Energy Sources
Production Tax Credits
Renewable Portfolio Standards
Renewable Power Direct Marketing
Renewable Feed-in-Tariff
Fossil Fuel Emissions Caps

Table 2-7 Pros and Cons of public policy use to promote renewable energy generation
Table 2-8 International public policies

Research investments in Renewable Energy

Table 2-9 US government investment in Renewable Energy through 2010
Table 2-10 Global public investment in Renewable Energy through 2010

Research Efforts in Solar Power

Table 2-11 US government investment in Solar Power through 2010
Table 2-12 US government investment in Solar Power currently allocated
Table 2-13 Global public investment in Solar Power through 2010
Table 2-14 Global public investment in Solar Power currently allocated
Figure 2-20 Public Investments vs. Solar power delivered though 2010
Figure 2-21 Public Investments vs. Solar power projected 2011- 2020

Research Efforts in CSP

Table 2-15 US government investment in CSP Technologies through 2010
Table 2-16 US government investment in CSP Technologies currently allocated
Table 2-17 Global public investment in CSP Technologies through 2010
Table 2-18 Global public investment in CSP Technologies currently allocated
Figure 2-22 Public Investments vs. CSP power delivered though 2010
Figure 2-23 Public Investments vs. CSP power projected 2011- 2020

Renewable Energy Market Size and Growth
Basis of Forecasts
PV

Figure 2-24 US PV Market 2007 - 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-25 US PV Market 2007 - 2011, Power Output, MW
Figure 2-26 US ROI on PV Investments 2007 - 2011
Figure 2-27 US PV Market 2012 - 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Figure 2-28 Global PV Market 2007 - 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-29 Global PV Market 2007 - 2011, Power Output, MW
Figure 2-30 Global PV Market 2012-2016, Nameplate MW Planned

Geothermal power

Figure 2-31 US Geothermal power Market 2007 - 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-32 US Geothermal power Market 2007 - 2011, Power Output, MW
Figure 2-33 US ROI on Geothermal power Investments 2007 - 2011
Figure 2-34 US Geothermal power Market 2012 - 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Figure 2-35 Global Geothermal power Market 2007 - 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-36 Global Geothermal power Market 2007 - 2011, Power Output, MW
Figure 2-37 Global Geothermal power Market 2012 - 2016, Nameplate MW Planned

Biopower

Figure 2-38 US Biopower Market 2007 - 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-39 US Biopower Market 2007 - 2011, Power Output, MW
Figure 2-40 US ROI on Biopower Investments 2007 - 2011
Figure 2-41 US Biopower Market 2012 - 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Figure 2-42 Global Biopower Market 2007 - 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-43 Global Biopower Market 2007 - 2011, Power Output, MW
Figure 2-44 Global Biopower Market 2012, 2016, Nameplate MW Planned

Photovoltaics

Figure 2-45 US PV Market 2007 - 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-46 US PV Market 2007 - 2011, Power Output, MW
Figure 2-47 US ROI on PV Investments 2007 - 2011
Figure 2-48 US PV Market 2012 - 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Figure 2-49 Global PV Market 2007 - 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-50 Global PV Market 2007 - 2011, Power Output, MW
Figure 2-51 Global PV Market 2012 - 2016, Nameplate MW Planned

Concentrating Solar Power

Figure 2-52 US CSP Market 2007 - 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-53 US CSP Market 2007 - 2011, Power Output
Figure 2-54 US CSP Market 2007 - 2011, Cost per Unit Installed
Figure 2-55 US CSP Market 2012, 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Figure 2-56 US CSP Market 2012, 2016, Cost per Unit Planned
Figure 2-57 Global CSP Market 2007 - 2011, Nameplate MW Installed
Figure 2-58 Global CSP Market 2007 - 2011, Power Output, MW
Figure 2-59 Global CSP Market 2007 - 2011, Cost per Unit Installed
Figure 2-60 Global CSP Market 2012 - 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Figure 2-61 Global CSP Market 2012, 2016, Cost per Unit Planned

Concentrating Solar Process Heat

Figure 2-62 US CSP Market 2007 - 2011, Installations and Capacity
Figure 2-63 US CSP Market 2007 - 2011, Power Savings
Figure 2-64 US CSP Market 2007 - 2011, Cost per Unit Installed
Figure 2-65 US CSP Market 2012, 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Figure 2-66 US CSP Market 2012, 2016, Cost per Unit Planned
Figure 2-67 Global CSP Market 2007 - 2011, Planned installations and capacity
Figure 2-68 Global CSP Market 2007 - 2011, Planned Power Savings
Figure 2-69 Global CSP Market 2007 - 2011, Cost per Unit Installed
Figure 2-70 Global CSP Market 2012 - 2016, Nameplate MW Planned
Figure 2-71 Global CSP Market 2012, 2016, Cost per Unit Planned

Chapter 3 Regional and National Markets
CSP Global Market Initiative (CSP- GMI)

Table 3-1 Goals of the CSP-GMI
Figure 3-1 CSP-GMI Regions

Middle East --North Africa (MENA)
MENA Regional issues
Desertec Industrial Initiative
Dii GmbH

Table 3-2 Desertec Supporting Organizations
Figure 3-2 Desertec claims regarding CSP potential
Figure 3-3 Desertec vision of MENA power generation and distribution
Figure 3-4 MENA Regions suitable for CSP vs. implementation issues
Figure 3-5 MENA Regions suitable for CSP vs. market demand

Southwest United States-Mexico (USMEX)
USMEX Regional issues

Figure 3-6 USMEX Regions suitable for CSP vs. implementation issues

USMEX Regional markets

Figure 3-7 USMEX Regions suitable for CSP vs. market demand

Southern Europe (SoEur)
SoEur Regional issues

Figure 3-8 SoEur Regions suitable for CSP vs. implementation issues

SoEur Regional markets

Figure 3-9 SoEur Regions suitable for CSP vs. market demand

National Markets
Algeria
Algerian development activities to date

Table 3-3 Algerian development efforts through 2011

Algerian installed and planned capacities

Table 3-4 Algerian installed and planned capacities through 2011

Algerian-specific issues
Algerian CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Figure 3-10 Algerian CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Australia

Australian development activities to date

Table 3-5 Australian development efforts through 2011

Australian installed and planned capacities

Table 3-6 Australian installed and planned capacities through 2011

Australian-specific issues
Australian CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Figure 3-11 Australian CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Brazil

Brazilian development activities to date

Table 3-7 Brazilian development efforts through 2011

Brazilian installed and planned capacities

Table 3-8 Brazilian installed and planned capacities through 2011

Brazilian-specific issues
Brazilian CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Figure 3-12 Brazilian CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016
Figure 3-13 Chilean CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

China

Chinese development activities to date

Table 3-9 Chinese development efforts through 2011

Chinese installed and planned capacities

Table 3-10 Chinese installed and planned capacities through 2011

Chinese-specific issues
Chinese CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Figure 3-14 Chinese CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Egypt

Egyptian development activities to date

Table 3-11 Egyptian development efforts through 2011

Egyptian installed and planned capacities

Table 3-12 Egyptian installed and planned capacities through 2011

Egyptian-specific issues
Egyptian CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Figure 3-15 Egyptian CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Greece

Grecian development activities to date

Table 3-13 Grecian development efforts through 2011

Grecian installed and planned capacities

Table 3-14 Grecian installed and planned capacities through 2011

Grecian-specific issues
Grecian CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Figure 3-16 Grecian CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

India

Indian development activities to date

Table 3-15 Indian development efforts through 2011

Indian installed and planned capacities

Table 3-16 Indian installed and planned capacities through 2011

Indian-specific issues
Indian CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Figure 3-17 Indian CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Iran

Iranian development activities to date

Table 3-17 Iranian development efforts through 2011

Iranian installed and planned capacities

Table 3-18 Iranian installed and planned capacities through 2011

Iranian-specific issues
Iranian CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Figure 3-18 Iranian CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Israel

Israeli development activities to date

Table 3-19 Israeli development efforts through 2011

Israeli installed and planned capacities

Table 3-20 Israeli installed and planned capacities through 2011

Israeli-specific issues
Israeli CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Figure 3-19 Israeli CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Italy

Italian development activities to date

Table 3-21 Italian development efforts through 2011

Italian installed and planned capacities

Table 3-22 Italian installed and planned capacities through 2011

Italian-specific issues
Italian CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Figure 3-20 Italian CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Jordan

Jordanian development activities to date

Table 3-23 Jordanian development efforts through 2011

Jordanian installed and planned capacities

Table 3-24 Jordanian installed and planned capacities through 2011

Jordanian-specific issues
Jordanian CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Figure 3-21 Jordanian CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Mexico

Mexican development activities to date

Table 3-25 Mexican development efforts through 2011

Mexican installed and planned capacities

Table 3-26 Mexican installed and planned capacities through 2011

Mexican-specific issues
Mexican CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Figure 3-22 Mexican CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Morocco

Moroccan development activities to date

Table 3-27 Moroccan development efforts through 2011

Moroccan installed and planned capacities

Table 3-28 Moroccan installed and planned capacities through 2011

Moroccan-specific issues
Moroccan CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Figure 3-23 Moroccan CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

South Africa

South African development activities to date

Table 3-29 South African development efforts through 2011

South African installed and planned capacities

Table 3-30 South African installed and planned capacities through 2011

South African-specific issues
South African CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Figure 3-24 South African CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Spain

Spanish development activities to date

Table 3-31 Spanish development efforts through 2011

Spanish installed and planned capacities

Table 3-32 Spanish installed and planned capacities through 2011

Spanish-specific issues
Spanish CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Figure 3-25 Spanish CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

United States

US development activities to date

Table 3-33 US development efforts through 2011

US installed and planned capacities

Table 3-34 US installed and planned capacities through 2011

US-specific issues
US CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

Figure 3-26 US CSP market forecast 2012 - 2016

African Nation's Activities
Other African national development activities to date

Table 3-35 Other African national development efforts through 2011

Other African nation's installed and planned capacities

Table 3-36 Other African nation's installed and planned capacities through 2011

Other-African national specific issues
Other National Activities
Other national development activities to date

Table 3-37 Other national development efforts through 2011

Other nation's installed and planned capacities

Table 3-38 Other nation's installed and planned capacities through 2011

Other national specific issues

Chapter 4 CSP Components: Description, Use, and Markets
Basis of Forecasts

Figure 4-1 Components as a percentage of plant costs

Engineering, Construction, and Procurement Companies

Table 4-1 ECP firms for installed and planned CSP facilities
Figure 4-2 Market share by EPC firm

High Tech Components
Mirrors, Frames and Cleaning Systems
Desired properties of CSP mirrors
Mirrors: Glass, plastic film. or polished metal

Table 4-2 Feature comparison between mirror materials

Research in material choice

Table 4-3 Global research in mirror materials
Table 4-4 Research in CSP mirrors

Installed and planned installations of mirrors

Table 4-5 Installed mirrors by material options
Table 4-6 Planned installations of mirrors by material options

Mirrors Producers

Table 4-7 Global mirror manufacturers, installed and planned

Mirror Market and Forecasts

Figure 4-3 US and Global CSP Mirror Market: 2007 - 2011
Figure 4-4 US and Global CSP Mirror Market: 2012 - 2016
Figure 4-5 US and Global CSP Mirror Market: 2016 - 2020

Frame systems

Table 4-8 Global CSP Frames manufacturers, installed and planned
Figure 4-6 US and Global CSP Frames Market: 2007 - 2011
Figure 4-7 US and Global CSP Frames Market: 2012 - 2016

Cleaning Systems

Table 4-9 Cleaning system manufacturers, installed and planned
Figure 4-8 US and Global CSP Cleaning System Market: 2007 - 2011
Figure 4-9 US and Global CSP Cleaning System Market: 2012 - 2016

Receivers and Heat Flow Systems
Receiver, receiver support and interconnections
Desirable properties in receivers

Table 4-10 Feature comparison between Receiver designs

Research in Receiver Design

Table 4-11 Research in receiver design and materials

Installed and planned installations of mirrors

Table 4-12 Installed receivers by design
Table 4-13 Planned installations of receivers by design

Current Receiver Producers

Table 4-14 Manufacturers of receiver components

Receiver Market and Forecasts

Figure 4-10 US and Global CSP Receiver Market: 2007 - 2011
Figure 4-11 US and Global CSP Receiver Market: 2012 - 2016

Collection, piping, valves and traps
Issues unique to CSP
Operating temperature range
Environmental conditions
Length of service
Longevity of service
Accessibility for preventative maintenance and performance issues

Table 4-15 Collection and piping issues unique to CSP

Companies with installed piping systems and experience

Table 4-16 Companies with installed piping systems and experience

Collection as a function of plant parameters
Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF)
Desirable properties in HTF

Table 4-17 Feature comparison between HTF systems

Research in heat transfer fluids

Table 4-18 Research in heat transfer fluids

Installed and planned installations of HTF

Table 4-19 Heat transfer fluids in installed CSP plants
Table 4-20 Heat transfer fluids selected for planned CSP plants

HTF Market and Forecast

Figure 4-12 US and Global CSP HTF Market: 2007 - 2011
Figure 4-13 US and Global CSP HTF Market: 2012 - 2016

Established Components
Steam Generation Plant

Table 4-21 Unique CSP Steam Plant Requirements/ Opportunities
Figure 4-14 US and Global CSP Steam Plant Installations
Figure 4-15 US and Global CSP Steam Plant Market Forecast 2012 - 2017

Cooling

Table 4-22 Unique CSP Cooling Requirements/ Opportunities
Figure 4-16 US and Global CSP Cooling Installations
Figure 4-17 US and Global CSP Cooling Market Forecast 2012 - 2017

Thermal Storage by Molten Salts

Table 4-23 Unique CSP Thermal Storage Requirements/ Opportunities
Figure 4-18 US and Global CSP Thermal Storage Installations
Figure 4-19 US and Global CSP Thermal Storage Market Forecast 2012 - 2017

Sun Tracking Systems

Table 4-24 Unique CSP Sun Tracking Requirements/ Opportunities
Figure 4-20 US and Global CSP Sun Tracking Installations
Figure 4-21 US and Global CSP Sun Tracking Market Forecast 2012 - 2017

Materials of Construction

Figure 4-22 Percentage of cost of CSP installations by material of construction

Significant issues concerning materials of construction: availability, cost
Steel

Table 4-25 Steel usage in CSP
Figure 4-23 US and Global steel market forecast in CSP, 2012 -2016

Copper

Table 4-26 Copper usage in CSP
Figure 4-24 US and Global copper market forecast in CSP, 2012 -2016

Brass

Table 4-27 Brass usage in CSP
Figure 4-25 US and Global brass market forecast in CSP, 2012 -2016

Aluminum

Table 4-28 Aluminum usage in CSP
Figure 4-26 US and Global aluminum market forecast in CSP, 2012 -2016

Concrete

Table 4-29 Concrete usage in CSP
Figure 4-27 US and Global concrete market forecast in CSP, 2012 -2016

Molten Salts

Table 4-30 Molten salts usage in CSP
Figure 4-28 US and Global molten salts market forecast in CSP, 2012 -2016

Silica

Table 4-31 Silica usage in CSP
Figure 4-29 US and Global silica market forecast in CSP, 2012 -2016



Chapter 5 Market Promotion, Distribution, and Trends
Promotion of CSP Market
General environmental movement

Figure 5-1 Growth in public demand for renewable energy sourcing

Desire for energy independence

Table 5-1 History of energy independence efforts in the US

Fear of lack of access to oil

Table 5-2 Relationship between the "Islamic Spring" uprisings, oil resources, and CSP investments

Fear of nuclear power

Table 5-3 Shifts in perception of nuclear power after 2010 Japanese tsunami

Electrical Distribution by Region

Figure 5-2 Schematic of generic electric grid

North America
US electric grid

Table 5-4 Role of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC),
Figure 5-3 Major distribution lines of continental US electric grid

Electricity generation in Hawaii and Alaska

Figure 5-4 Major distribution lines of Hawaiian and Alaskan electric grids
Table 5-5 Role of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC),
Table 5-6 Upgrades to US electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030

Canadian electric grid

Figure 5-5 Major distribution lines of Canadian electric grid

Mexican and Central American electric grid

Table 5-7 Status of Mexican and Central American electric grids
Figure 5-6 Major distribution lines within Central America
Table 5-8 Upgrades to Central American electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030

South America

Table 5-9 Status of South America's electric grid
Figure 5-7 Major distribution lines within South America
Table 5-10 Upgrades to South American electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030

Europe and Russia
Electrical Distribution within Europe

Table 5-11 Status of European electric grid
Figure 5-8 Major distribution lines within Europe
Table 5-12 Upgrades to European electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030

Electrical Distribution within Russia

Table 5-13 Status of Russian electric grid
Figure 5-9 Major distribution lines within Russia
Table 5-14 Upgrades to Russian electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030

Asia, India, and China
Electrical Distribution within Asia

Table 5-15 Status of Asia's electric grids
Figure 5-10 Major distribution lines within Asia
Table 5-16 Upgrades to Asian electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030

Electrical Distribution within India

Table 5-17 Status of India's electric grids
Figure 5-11 Major distribution lines within India
Table 5-18 Upgrades to Indian electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030

Electrical Distribution within China

Table 5-19 Status of China's electric grids
Figure 5-12 Major distribution lines within China
Table 5-20 Upgrades to Chinese electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030

Australia
Electrical Distribution within Australia

Table 5-21 Status of Australia's electric grids
Figure 5-13 Major distribution lines within Australia
Table 5-22 Upgrades to Australian electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030

Africa
Electrical Distribution within Africa

Table 5-23 Status of Africa's electric grids
Figure 5-14 Major distribution lines within Africa
Table 5-24 Upgrades to African electric grid to handle full CSP production by 2030

CSP Market Trends
Investment Climate

Figure 5-15 Investments over time and world events

Public opinion

Figure 5-16 Public demand for solar energy

Proliferation of demonstration plants

Table 5-25 Recent demonstration plants

Ease of entry compared to other renewable energies

Table 5-26 New construction costs as a function of location and energy source

Continued need for premium pricing

Figure 5-17 Relative declines in power generation by energy type

Chapter 6 Competitive Profiles [selected from list]
3M
Abengoa USA/ Abengoa Spain
ACCIONA Solar Power/ACCIONA Energia
Alanod
Albiasa Solar
Ausra
Beacon Solar
Boeing
Bright Source Energy
Carrizo Energy
Cristaleria Espanola
Dow chemical
DuPont
Ener-T Global
Epuron
Eskom
E-solar
EuroTrough
Flabeg
Florida Power and Light
Grupo Enhol
HelioDynamics
Industrial Solar Technology Corp
Inland Energy
Naugatuck Glass
Paneltec Corp
Pilkington
Radco Industries
ReflecTech
Samca
SCHOTT Solar
Sener Group
Siemens
Sinoy Mirror
Sky Fuel
SoquiMich
Solar Millennium AG
Solar Power Group
Solel Solar Systems
Solargenix Energy
Sopogy
Stirling Energy Systems

Chapter 7 End Users
Public End Users
Utility Companies

Table 7-1 US Utilities operating CSP

Public perception of renewable energy

Figure 7-1 Changes in public perception over time

Perception of CSP vs. other renewable energy sources
Trends in public perception
Public willingness to pay premium pricing for renewable energy

Figure 7-2 Distribution of premium price options and acceptance

Industrial End Users
Uses by industry

Table 7-2 CSP Industrial Applications

Motivation factors for industrial users

Table 7-3 Leading motivators for industrial CSP use

Implementation Trends of industrial users

Table 7-4 Implementation Trends of Industrial CSP Applications

Appendices

List of Abbreviations
Selected marketers contact information
Selected Organizations, Research Institutes, and Universities- contact information
Installed and Planned CSP Facilities
Selected CSP Facilities: Profiles and contact information