1 Table of Contents 2
2 Executive Summary 12
3 Renewable Energy Policy Framework 18
4 The US, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 21
5 The US, California , Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 52
6 The US, Colorado, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 67
7 The US, Iowa, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 80
8 The US, Minnesota, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 90
9 The US, Nevada, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 104
10 The US, New Jersey, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 112
11 The US, New York, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 125
12 The US, Oregon, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 137
13 The US, Texas, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 151
14 The US, Washington, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 158
15 Canada, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 166
16 Canada, Alberta, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 187
17 Canada, British Columbia , Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 197
18 Canada, Nova Scotia , Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 203
19 Canada, Ontario, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 209
20 Canada, Quebec, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 224
21 Argentina, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 228
22 Brazil, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 234
23 Mexico, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 248
24 Germany, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 259
25 Spain, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 287
26 France, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 302
27 Italy, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 322
28 The UK, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 338
29 Austria, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 354
30 Netherlands, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 374
31 Norway, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 393
32 Poland, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 405
33 Sweden, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 419
34 Turkey, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 432
35 Australia, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 438
36 China, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 462
37 India, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 480
38 Japan, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 510
39 New Zealand, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 529
40 Indonesia, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 542
41 Russia, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 549
42 Thailand, Major Policies and Market Instruments Supporting Renewables 554
43 Appendix 566
1.1 List of Tables
Table 1: The Americas, Renewable Energy Promotion Policies 45
Table 2: European Countries, Major Policy Instruments Supporting Renewable Energy Industry, 2009 45
Table 3: Asia-Pacific, Major Policy Instruments Supporting Renewable Energy Industry, 2009 46
Table 4: European Union, Renewable Energy Targets Set Under the 2008 Directive 47
Table 5: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act – Cost of Tax Incentive 53
Table 6: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act – Cost of Government Spending 53
Table 7: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act – Key Provisions for Renewables 54
Table 8: The US, Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 , Renewable Energy Incentives 58
Table 9: US States, Summary of Renewable Portfolio Standards 60
Table 10: The US, PTC, In Service Deadline and Credit Amount , 2008 61
Table 11: The US, Business Energy Tax Credit, Eligibility and Credit Availability , 2008 63
Table 12: The US, Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit, Incentives Offered 64
Table 13: The US, Volume Of Renewable Fuels Required, 2008-2022 77
Table 14: US States, Biofuels Policies for States 81
Table 15: US States, Biofuels Policies for States 82
Table 16: California, Large And Medium Public Owned Utilities, RPS Targets and Timeframe 83
Table 17: The Incentive Levels for 2008 84
Table 18: SGIP, Decline in Incentives for Projects than 1 MW up to 3 MW 84
Table 19: California, Availability of Tariffs by Utility 85
Table 20: California, Feed In Tariffs, Allocated Capacity Per Utility 86
Table 21 California feed in Tariffs, Market Price Referents as of 2007 87
Table 22: California, Comparison of Various Renewable Programs 89
Table 23: Go Solar California campaign, by program component, 2007-2016 90
Table 24: California Solar Initiative, 10 step payment levels 91
Table 25: Cost of Installation Of Solar System In California, Post Rebates 92
Table 26: California, Solar Thermal Projects Under Review Or Announced 93
Table 27: California Wind, Rebates Offered 94
Table 28: California, Alternative Fuel Incentive Development Program, Allocation Of Funds 96
Table 29: Colorado, RPS, Percentage of Renewable Electricity Required 98
Table 30: Colorado, 2008 Renewable Energy Assessment Cost Threshold Values 102
Table 31: CORE, Solar Pioneer Rebate Program 105
Table 32: Colorado, Tax Credit For Alternative Fuel Vehicle 109
Table 33: Colorado, Rebates For Alternative Fuel Vehicle 109
Table 34: Iowa, Renewable Fuel Standard 116
Table 35: Minnesota , Xcel Energy, Renewable Portfolio Standard Requirement 122
Table 36: Minnesota Other Utilities, Renewable Portfolio Standard Requirement 123
Table 37: Minnesota, Solar Hot Water Rebate Program 128
Table 38: Nevada, Renewable Portfolio Standard 135
Table 39: New Jersey, Renewable Portfolio Standard , Targets 143
Table 40: New Jersey , Renewable Energy Incentive Program, Type of Incentive Available 148
Table 41: RPS, Solar Alternative Compliance Payment Amount 151
Table 42: REIP Solar Upfront Incentive, 2009 152
Table 43: Renewable Energy Incentive Program, Wind Upfront Incentives 153
Table 44: Renewable Energy Incentive Program, Fuel Cell and Sustainable Biomass Upfront Incentives 154
Table 45: Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) Rebate Amount 155
Table 46: New York , RPS Energy Targets ( Megawatt hours) 157
Table 47: Oregon, Large Electric Facilities, Percentage of RPS Required 168
Table 48: Oregon RPS, Type Of Eligible Resource Types Based On Facility Operational Date 170
Table 49: Washington, Renewable Energy Standard Targets 189
Table 50: Canada, ecoENERGY for Aboriginal and Northern Communities Program, Funding Available 200
Table 51: Canada, Green Power – Provincial Targets and Policies 201
Table 52: Canada, ecoENERGY for Renewable Heat, Incentive Rate - CAD/m2 206
Table 53: Canada, ecoENERGY for Biofuels, Maximum incentive rate payable ( CAD per L) 213
Table 54: Canada, Summary Of Federal Incentives For the Promotion of Bioenergy 215
Table 55: Canada, Summary Of Federal Incentives For the Promotion of Bioenergy (Cont.) 216
Table 56: Canada, Summary Of Federal Incentives For the Promotion of Bioenergy (Cont.) 217
Table 57: Alberta Bioenergy Programs, Phase 2, Maximum Funding Available 226
Table 58: Alberta, Bioenergy Producer Credit Program, Funding Options 226
Table 59: BC, Standing Offer Program, Base Prices By Region 229
Table 60: Summary of RESOP Contracts Executed, 2007-08 242
Table 61: Ontario, Standard Offer Program for Wind Energy 249
Table 62: Ontario, Standard Offer Program for Biomass Energy 252
Table 63: Ontario, Retail Sales Tax Rebate For Vehicles Powered by Alternative Fuels, Limits to the Rebate 254
Table 64: Argentina, Feed-in-Tariffs for Renewable Electricity Generation (ARS/ kWh) 261
Table 65: The Brazilian PROINFA-Program: Feed in Tariffs 266
Table 66: BNDES Financing Lines and Funding Programs Relevant to Ethanol Production 275
Table 67: BNDES Funding Programs for SMEs Seeking Entry into Ethanol Production 276
Table 68: Brazil, Biodiesel, Federal And State Tax Incentives 278
Table 69: Mexico, Law on Renewable Energy, Funding Options Available 281
Table 70: Germany, Feed-In Tariffs, 2008 291
Table 71: Germany, Payment Structure for Different Types of PV Installations, 2004 295
Table 72: Germany, EEG 2009, Remuneration for Solar Facilities 297
Table 73: Germany, EEG 2009, Wind power Remunerations (€ct/kWh) 302
Table 74: Germany Geothermal, EEG 2009 Remuneration 304
Table 75: Germany Hydro, EEG 2009 Remuneration 306
Table 76: Germany Biomass, EEG 2009 Remuneration 308
Table 77: Germany EEG, Bonuses For Biomass 310
Table 78: Germany, Basic Remuneration For Landfill Gas. Sewage Gas and Mine Gas Facilities 311
Table 79: Germany, Taxation Of Biofuels 313
Table 80: Germany, Biofuel Quota Law, Percentage Increase In Biofuels (2007-15) 315
Table 81: Spain PER, Targets for Renewable Energy Plan For 2005-2010 320
Table 82: Spain, Feed-in-Tariffs, € / kWh, 2007-08 325
Table 83: Spain, New Feed-in-Tariff, € / kWh, 2009 326
Table 84: Spain, Tax Rebate, By Year 326
Table 85: Spain, Solar PV Support Measures, 2009 328
Table 86: France, Renewable Sources Feed-In Tariffs 334
Table 87: France, Tax Credits For Renewable Energy 336
Table 88: France Solar Power, Feed In Tariffs For Electricity Produced 341
Table 89: France Solar, New Proposed Tariffs 342
Table 90: France, Biomass Tax Credit 348
Table 91: France, Biofuels Incorporation Targets 348
Table 92: France, Historical Reduction Of Tax Rebate On Biofuels 349
Table 93: France, Proposed reduction In Biofuels Tax Rebate 350
Table 94: Italy, RPS, Minimum Obligation Quota per Fiscal year 354
Table 95: Italy, Green Power Certificates, by Renewable Energy Source Co-efficient factor 355
Table 96: Italy, Purchase And Sale By The Grid Operator, Tariffs 2008 356
Table 97: Italy, Feed in Tariff System 359
Table 98: Italy, Solar Feed-in-Tariff, € / KWh, 2007-08 361
Table 99: Italy, Solar PV Support Measures, 2008 363
Table 100: Renewables Obligation for England, Wales and Scotland, 2006 to 2015 370
Table 101: Renewables Obligation for the Northern Ireland, 2007 to 2013 371
Table 102: The UK, Renewable Energy, Overview of Proposed Bands 374
Table 103: The UK, Low Carbon Buildings Program, Grants Available To Householders 376
Table 104: The UK, Low Carbon Buildings Program, Grant validity periods 376
Table 105: The UK, Low Carbon Buildings Program Phase 2, Technologies supplied by Framework Suppliers 378
Table 106: Austria, Feed In tariffs Renewable Electricity Generation, 2008 389
Table 107: Austria, Support Fee Payable By Consumers (2007-09) 392
Table 108: Sunshine For Vienna, Development of Solar Thermal Systems, 2001-08 396
Table 109: Austria, Wind Power Tariffs, 2003-08 400
Table 110: Netherlands, SDE, 2008 407
Table 111: Netherlands, Details Of The SDE, 2009 408
Table 112: SDE, Total Realized Power And Target For This Cabinet Period, 2009 410
Table 113: Netherlands, ROB, Maximum Grants Available, 2009 421
Table 114: Poland Quota System, Percentage of Quota Set, 2008-2017 439
Table 115: Poland, New Biofuels Tax Exemptions, 2007 448
Table 116: Poland, Mandatory Biofuel Targets 2008-13 448
Table 117: Sweden Electricity Certificate Scheme, Quota Obligation 451
Table 118: Eco Car Subsidy, Eligibility Requirements 462
Table 119: Australia, Solar Homes and Communities Plan, Grants Available 480
Table 120: Australia, Solar, Summary of States Solar Feed in Programs 483
Table 121: Australia, Solar PV Support Measures 485
Table 122: Australia , Excise Rates for Ethanol and Biodiesel, 2010 to 2015 489
Table 123: China, Major Renewable Energy Policies and Acts 494
Table 124: China, Major Renewable Energy Policies and Acts (Cont.) 495
Table 125: China, Renewable Energy Law, Five Major Regulations 498
Table 126: China, Solar PV Support Measures, 2008 503
Table 127: China, Central Policies for Wind Power 504
Table 128: China, Province Specific Wind Incentive Schemes 506
Table 129: China, Small Hydro Power Incentive Schemes 507
Table 130: China, Rural Electrification Policies for Small Hydro Power 508
Table 131: India Renewable Energy, Major Policies and Acts, 1998- 2008 513
Table 132: India Renewable Energy, Major Policies and Acts, 1998- 2008 (Cont.) 514
Table 133: India, Grid-interactive Power Program, Central Financial Assistance Available 515
Table 134: India, Off-grid Renewable Energy Programs 515
Table 135: India, Off-grid Renewable Energy Programs (Cont.) 516
Table 136: India, Off-grid Renewable Energy Programs (Cont.) 517
Table 137: Remote Village Electrification, Maximum Central Financial Assistance 518
Table 138: India, Demonstration and Promotion of Solar Photovoltaic Devices/ Systems, Indicative Target 2008-12 520
Table 139: India, Demonstration and Promotion of Solar Photovoltaic Devices/ System, Yearly Expenditure 2008-12 521
Table 140: India, GRIHA, Registration –cum-Rating Fee 523
Table 141: India, Interest/ Capital Subsidy Scheme, Applicable Interest rates For Soft Loans 525
Table 142: India, Custom Duty for Wind Energy Equipments and Components 526
Table 143: India, Policies Introduced / Incentives Declared by the State Governments for Private Sector Wind Projects 528
Table 144: India, Policies Introduced / Incentives Declared by the State Governments for Private Sector Wind Projects (Contd) 529
Table 145: India, Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Financing Guidelines for Wind Energy Projects 531
Table 146: India, Classification Of Small Hydro Projects 534
Table 147: India, Subsidy For Small Hydro Power Plants 534
Table 148: India, Renovation and Modernisation OF SHP, Financial Assistance Provided 534
Table 149: India, Renewable Power Policies for Hydropower (Buy Back Rate – Rs./kWh) 535
Table 150: India, Renewable Power Policies for Bio-power (Buy Back Rate – Rs./kWh) 537
Table 151: India, Biomass Power Cogeneration Incentive Schemes 538
Table 152: India, Biomass Power Cogeneration Incentive Schemes (State Govt./Utility wise) 538
Table 153: India, Bio-fuel Incentive Schemes 539
Table 154: Japan, Utilization Targets For New Energy ( TWh/ Year) 542
Table 155: Japan, JREPP Vision, Share of Renewables in Electricity Generation, 2050 545
Table 156: Japan, New Energy Facility Introduction Project, Eligible Systems And Requirements For Local Government, 2008 547
Table 157: Japan, New Energy Facility Introduction Project, Eligible Systems And Requirements For Local Government, 2008 (Cont.) 548
Table 158: Japan, PV Roadmap Toward 2030, Financial Milestones 550
Table 159: Japan, Solar PV Support Measures, 2008 552
Table 160: Japan, Subsidies for Development Of Small and Medium-sized Hydroelectric Power Plants, 2008 557
Table 161: New Zealand, Summary Of Actions For Promoting Renewable Electricity 564
Table 162: New Zealand, Bioenergy Initiative, Government Funding Available , 2007-2010 571
Table 163: Indonesia, Potential of Renewable Energy 573
Table 164: Indonesia, Energy policy, Laws and Regulation 575
Table 165: Indonesia , Minimum Mandatory On Biodiesel Utilization 579
Table 166: Indonesia , Minimum Mandatory On Bioethanol Utilization 579
Table 167: Russia, Expected Share of Different Renewable Energy Sources, Till 2020 581
Table 168: Thailand, Adder to the Normal Tariff for Small Power Producer and Very Small Power Producer Program 587
Table 169: Thailand, Alternative Energy Target To 2022 589
Table 170: Thailand, Renewable Energy Development Plan, Promotion Measures 592
Table 171: Thailand, Transport Fuels, Excise Tax Rate and Reduced Rate for Biofuels 595
Table 172: Thailand, E20 Gasohol Policy 596
1.2 List of Figures
Figure 1: The US, Tax Credits Under PTC 62
Figure 2: The US, Renewable Fuel Standard, 2006-2022 78
Figure 3: Colorado, RPS, Comparison of Percentage of Renewable Electricity Required by Investor owned and Municipal Utilities 99
Figure 4: Iowa, Renewable Fuel Standard 117
Figure 5: Minnesota , Xcel Energy, Renewable Portfolio Standard Requirement 122
Figure 6: Minnesota , Other Utilities, Renewable Portfolio Standard Requirement 123
Figure 7: Nevada, Renewable Portfolio Standard 136
Figure 8: New Jersey, Renewable Portfolio Standard , Targets 144
Figure 9: New Jersey, Renewable Energy Incentive Program, Comparison of Incentives Available 149
Figure 10: New York , RPS Energy Targets 158
Figure 11: Oregon, RPS targets for Large Facilities 169
Figure 12: Texas, Renewable Portfolio Standards 183
Figure 13: Washington, Renewable Energy Standard Targets 190
Figure 14: Canada, ecoENERGY for Renewable Heat, Comparison of Incentive Available 207
Figure 15: Canada, ecoENERGY for Biofuels, Comparison of Incentives Available 214
Figure 16: BC, Standing Offer Program, Base Prices By Region 229
Figure 17: Ontario, Renewable Energy Standard Offer Program, Tariffs Available 242
Figure 18: Ontario, RESOP, Contracts Executed, 2007-08 243
Figure 19: Brazil, Comparison of Feed in Tariffs for Different Technologies 266
Figure 20: Germany, EEG 2009, Comparison of Feed in Tariffs for Different Technologies 292
Figure 21: Germany, Comparison of Solar Tariffs 297
Figure 22: Germany, Wind Feed in Tariffs, Comparison with Historical Tariffs 303
Figure 23: Germany, Geothermal Energy, Comparison of Feed in Tariffs 304
Figure 24: Germany, Hydro Energy, Comparison of Feed in Tariffs 307
Figure 25: Germany, Biomass Energy, Comparison of Feed in Tariffs 309
Figure 26: Germany, Different Gas Facilities, Comparison of Feed in Tariffs 312
Figure 27: Germany, Comparison Of Old And New Tax Rates For Biodiesel 314
Figure 28: Germany, Biofuel Mandates, 2007-15 316
Figure 29: Spain, Targets Increase in Different Renewable Energy Technologies Under PER (2005-10) 321
Figure 30: Spain, Available Solar Feed-in Tariffs, 2007-08 325
Figure 31: France, Comparison of Feed in Tariffs for Different Technologies 335
Figure 32: France, Comparison of Solar Feed in tariffs 343
Figure 33: France, Increase in Biofuels Quota, 2008-15 349
Figure 34: France, Historical Reduction Of Tax Rebate On Biofuels, 2003-08 350
Figure 35: Italy, RPS, Minimum Obligation Quota per Fiscal year (2007-11) 354
Figure 36: Italy, Comparison of Feed in tariffs for Different Technologies 359
Figure 37: Italy, Comparison of Solar Tariffs Available for Different Types of Systems for Different Capacities 362
Figure 38: England, Wales and Scotland, Renewables Obligation, 2006-15 370
Figure 39: Northern Ireland, Renewables Obligation, 2006-15 371
Figure 40: Austria, Comparison of Feed in tariffs for different Technologies, 2008 390
Figure 41: Austria, Comparison of Feed in Tariffs for Small Hydro Facilities 391
Figure 42: Austria, Support Fee To be paid by the Consumers. 2007-09 392
Figure 43: Austria, Changes in Wind Tariffs, 2003-08 400
Figure 44: Netherlands, Targets For Capacity Addition for Major Renewable Energy Technologies 411
Figure 45: Poland, Renewable Electricity Required under the RPS 440
Figure 46: Poland, Mandatory Biofuel Targets 2008-13 449
Figure 47: Sweden, Electricity Certificate Scheme, Quota Obligation 452
Figure 48: Australia, New Renewable Energy Targets and Comparison with Targets Under MRET 471
Figure 49: India, Remote Village Electrification Program, Maximum Central Financial Assistance Available 518
Figure 50: India, Demonstration and Promotion of Solar Photovoltaic Devices/ Systems, Indicative Targets 2008-12 520
Figure 51: India, Demonstration and Promotion of Solar Photovoltaic Devices/ Systems, Yearly Expenditure 521
Figure 52: India, Comparison of Tariffs Provided by Different States For Wind Power 530
Figure 53: India, Small hydro Power, Comparison Of Tariffs Offered By Different States 536
Figure 54: Japan, Targets for Renewable Energy under the RPS 543
Figure 55: Japan, JREPP Vision, Share of Renewables in Electricity Generation, 2050 545
Figure 56: Indonesia, Presidential Decree No. 5/2006, National Energy Mix 2025 574
Figure 57: Russia, Targets for Major Renewable Energy Sources 582
Figure 58: Thailand, Comparison of Adder Tariffs Available for Different Technologies 588
Figure 59: Thailand, Renewable Energy targets, 2008-2022 590
Figure 60: Thailand, Excise Rate on Transport Fuels 596
Figure 61: GlobalData Methodology 598
