Hydropower Energy Technologies Worldwide: Large, Small, Mini, Micro and Pico

Chapter 1: Executive Summary
Scope
Research Methodology
Hydropower Past
Adverse Hydropower Impacts
Hydropower Development Costs
Figure 1-1: Top Hydroelectric Power Producers, 1980-2007 (terawatts)
Hydropower Today
Table 1-1: Sources of Renewable Energy in the United States, 2002 and 2007 (percent)
Demand for Electricity
Figure 1-2: Sources of Electricity, U.S. and World, 2007 (percent)
Water Power Potential
Table 1-2: Hydropower Resource Potential, by Continent, 2002 (percent)
Table 1-3: Power Potential of U.S. Water Energy Resource Sites
Figure 1-3: Hydrokinetic Production Potential, United States (TWh/yr)
Types of Hydropower Systems
Scale of Hydropower Systems
Hydropower Future
Factors Driving Hydropower Growth
Large Hydropower Growth
Figure 1-4: Global Large Hydropower Growth, 2009-2013 (gigawatts, $ billions)
Small Hydropower Growth
Figure 1-5: Hydro Capacity of New Licenses Issued by FERC, 1990-2009 (KW)
Figure 1-6: Small Hydropower Growth, 2009-2013 ($ billions)
Very Small Hydro Growth
Figure 1-7: Mini-Hydro Market Growth, 2009-2013 ($ millions)
Table 1-4: Global Hydro Growth Projections, 2009-2013 ($ millions)
Ocean Energy and Hydrokinetic Growth
Summary

Chapter 2: Hydropower
Scope
The Largest Renewable Energy Source
Table 2-1: Sources of Renewable Energy, 2002 and 2007 (percent)
Sources of Electric Power
Figure 2-1: Sources of Electricity, U.S. and World, 2007
Figure 2-2: Hydro Percent of Electric Production, by State, 2007
Electricity Demand
Table 2-2: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Countries
Figure 2-3: Electricity Production Estimates, 2005-2030 (trillion kilowatthours)
Figure 2-4: U. S. Electricity Growth Rates, 1950-2030 (percent)
History of Hydropower
Types of Hydropower Systems
Impoundment Systems
Figure 2-5: Impoundment Hydropower System
Pumped Storage Systems
Figure 2-6: Pumped Storage Hydropower System
Run-of-River Systems
Figure 2-7: Run-of-River Hydropower System
Hydrokinetic Power - Ocean Wave and Current Systems
Ocean Wave Energy
Figure 2-8: Terminator and Oscillating Water Column (OWC) Device
Figure 2-9: Overtopping Device
Figure 2-10: Point Absorber Devices
Figure 2-11: Attenuator Device
Ocean and Tidal Current Energy
River Current Energy
Ocean, Tidal, and River Current Turbines
Figure 2-12: Ocean and River Current Axial Turbine Devices
Figure 2-13: Ocean and River Current Cross-Flow Turbine Devices
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
Salinity Gradient Energy
Scale of Hydropower Systems
Figure 2-14: Micro-Hydro Run-of-River Plant
Hydropower Turbines
Figure 2-15: Francis Turbine Diagram
Figure 2-16: Kaplan Turbine Diagram
Figure 2-17: Pelton Wheel Diagram
Figure 2-18: Turgo Wheel Diagram
Figure 2-19: Cross-flow Turbine Diagram
Table 2-3: Water Turbine Application
Summary

Chapter 3: Conventional Hydro Market Size & Growth
Scope
Hydropower Today
Figure 3-1: Top Hydroelectric Power Producing Countries, 1980-2007 (terawatts)
Figure 3-2: Annual Hydropower Production, by Region, 1980-2007 (terawatts)
Hydropower Potential in the United States
Table 3-1: Power Potential of U.S. Water Energy Resource Sites
Large Scale Hydro Growth
Table 3-2: Largest Hydropower Facilities (Global) (MW of Capacity)
Figure 3-3: Large Hydropower Growth (Global), 2004-2008 (gigawatts, $ billions)
Figure 3-4: Large Hydropower Growth (Global), 2009-2013 (gigawatts, $ billions)
Large Scale Hydro Growth in the United States
Figure 3-5: New Hydropower Licenses Issued by FERC, 1990-2009
Figure 3-6: Hydro Capacity of New Licenses Issued by FERC, 1990-2009
Figure 3-7: Large Hydropower Growth in the United States, 2009-2013 ($ billions)
Small Hydro Growth
Figure 3-8: Small Hydropower Growth (Global), 2004-2008 (gigawatts, $ billions)
Figure 3-9: Small Hydropower Growth (Global and U.S.), 2009-2013 ($ billions)
Very Small Scale Hydropower Growth
Table 3-3: Very Small Hydro Systems
Table 3-4: Small Hydropower (SHP) Installations, by Region
Table 3-5: Populations With No Access to Electricity (millions)
Mini-Hydro Growth
Figure 3-10: Mini-Hydro Market Growth (Global and U.S.), 2009-2013 ($ millions)
Micro-Hydro Growth
Figure 3-11: Micro-Hydro Market Growth (Global and U.S.), 2009-2013 ($ millions)
Pico-Hydro Growth
Figure 3-12: Average Distributed Electric Generating Costs (300 W System) ($ per KW/hr)
Figure 3-13: Pico-Hydro Growth (Global), 2009-2013 ($ millions)
Growth Drivers and Inhibitors
Factors Enhancing Hydro Growth
Factors Inhibiting Hydro Growth
Table 3-6: Fish Mortality Rates, by Injury Type
Summary

Chapter 4: Hydrokinetic and Ocean Hydro Market Size and Growth
Scope
Ocean, Wave, and Hydrokinetic Potential
Figure 4-1: Annual Worldwide Average Wave Power Densities (kW/m)
Figure 4-2: Hydrokinetic Production Potential, United States (TWh/yr)
Ocean Energy Investments
Figure 4-3: Global Investments in Ocean Energy, 2004-2008 ($ millions)
Ocean Energy Production in the Years Ahead
Figure 4-4: Projected Growth in Ocean Energy Generated Electricity, 2009-2013 (MW)
Table 4-1: Companies With Producing Ocean Technologies (Full Scale Prototypes and Commercial Installations)
Costs of Setting up an Ocean Energy Power Converter
Projected World Growth in Ocean Energy, 2009-2013
The U.S. Ocean Energy Technology Market
Growth in the World Wave Energy Market
Figure 4-5: World Wave Energy Projects and Values, 1998-2009 ($ millions)
Leading Global Wave Energy Companies
Table 4-2: Wave Energy Companies with Full-Scale Prototypes
U.S. Wave Energy Market
Table 4-3: U.S. Geographic Locations and Potential Wave Energy Output
Growth in the World Tidal/Current Energy Market
Figure 4-6: World Tidal Energy Projects and Values, 2001-2009 ($ millions, number of projects)
Barrage Systems
U.S. Tidal Energy Market
U. S. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Projects
Figure 4-7: Potential Markets for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Projects
Salinity Gradient Projects
Factors Affecting Future Growth
Factors Enhancing Growth
Factors Inhibiting Growth
Summary

Chapter 5: Hydro Inventions and Innovations
Scope
The Power of Water Is Everywhere
Harnessing Power From Water Utilities
Bucket Generator System
Harnessing Water Power From The Home
Hydrokinetic Innovations
A Run-of-River Variant
Power Barges
Tailrace Water Power
A Slow Current Hydro Device
Recent Inventions
Table 5-1: Recent U.S. Patents for Hydro Inventions, 2007-2009
Hydrokinetic Inventions
Figure 5-1: Sewer Line Power Generating System Schematic
Figure 5-2: Transportable Hydro-Electric Generating System With Improved Water Pressure Enhancement Feature Schematic
Ocean Wave Hydropower Inventions
U.S. Department of Energy Hydro Research Activities
Recent Hydro Deployments
Wave Energy Development
Micro Hydro Development
Large HydroDevelopment
Summary

Chapter 6: Competitive Profiles
Scope
Pelamis Wave Power Ltd.
Overview
Performance
Table 6-1: Pelamis Wave Power Ltd.
Product Portfolio
Table 6-2: Pelamis Wave Power Ltd.
Significant Developments
Marine Current Turbines Ltd.
Overview
Company Performance
Table 6-3: Marine Current Turbines Ltd.
Product Portfolio
Table 6-4: Marine Current Turbines Ltd.
Significant Events
Grays Harbor Ocean Energy Company
Overview
Company Performance
Table 6-5: Grays Harbor Ocean Energy Company
Product Portfolio
Table 6-6: Grays Harbor Ocean Energy Company
Significant Events
Finavera Renewables Inc
Overview
Mergers and Acquisitions
Company Performance
Table 6-7: Finavera Renewables Inc
Product Portfolio
Table 6-8: Finavera Renewables Inc
Significant Events
Voith Hydro
Overview
Mergers and Acquisitions
Company Performance
Table 6-9: Voith Hydro
Product Portfolio
Table 6-10: Voith Hydro
Significant Events
Npower Renewables Ltd.
Overview
Company Performance
Table 6-11: Npower Renewables Ltd.
Product Portfolio
Table 6-12: Npower Renewables Ltd.
Significant Events
Asian Phoenix Resources Ltd.
Overview
Company Performance
Table 6-13: Asian Phoenix Resources Ltd.
Product Portfolio
Table 6-14: Asian Phoenix Resources Ltd.
Hydro Green Energy LLC
Overview
Company Performance
Table 6-15: Hydro Green Energy
Product Portfolio
Table 6-16: Hydro Green Energy
Significant Events
Rentricity Inc.
Overview
Company Performance
Table 6-17: Rentricity Inc.
Product Portfolio
Table 6-18: Rentricity Inc
Significant Events

Appendix