2008 European - Telecommunications Infrastructure and NGNs

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter number: on page number:

1. INFRASTRUCTURE & NGNS OVERVIEW 1
1.1 Regulatory environment 1
1.1.1 Regulating Next Generation Networks (NGNs)
1.1.2 Regulating Fibre-to-the-Home (FttH)
1.1.2.1 Municipal involvement
1.1.2.2 Incumbents
1.2 FttH 4
1.2.1 The European picture in 2009
1.2.1.1 Forecast FTTx growth
1.2.1.2 Arguments for fibre
1.2.1.3 Last mile alternatives
1.2.1.3.1 DSL
1.2.1.3.2 Cable
1.2.1.4 Government support
1.2.1.5 Different models
1.2.1.6 Fibre technologies
1.2.1.6.1 Point-to-point
1.2.1.6.2 Passive Optical Networks (PONs)
1.2.1.6.3 Home run
1.2.2 Austria
1.2.3 The Netherlands
1.2.4 Italy
1.2.5 UK
1.2.5.1 Fibre access and Community Broadband Access networks
1.2.6 Denmark
1.2.7 France
1.2.7.1 Municipal drive
1.2.8 Norway
1.2.9 Spain
1.2.10 Sweden
1.2.11 Germany
1.2.12 Eastern European developments
1.3 Next Generation Networks 22
1.3.1 NGNs in Europe
1.3.2 The UK
1.3.3 The Netherlands
1.3.4 Germany
1.3.5 France
1.3.6 Italy
1.3.7 Greece
1.3.8 Portugal
2. ALBANIA 27
2.1 National telecom network 27
2.2 International infrastructure 27
3. AUSTRIA 28
3.1 National telecom network 28
3.2 Structural separation issues 29
3.3 Wholesaling 29
3.4 International infrastructure 30
3.4.1 Submarine cable networks
3.4.2 Satellite networks
4. BELARUS 31
4.1 National telecom network 31
4.2 International infrastructure 31
4.3 Infrastructure developments 31
4.4 Telecoms & IT 32
5. BELGIUM 33
5.1 National telecom network 33
5.2 NGN 33
5.3 International infrastructure 34
6. BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA 35
6.1 National telecom network 35
7. BULGARIA 37
7.1 National telecom network 37
7.2 International infrastructure 38
7.2.1 Submarine cable networks
7.3 Telecoms & IT 38
8. CROATIA 40
8.1 Overview 40
8.2 Telecoms & IT 41
9. CYPRUS 43
9.1 National telecom network 43
9.2 International infrastructure 44
9.2.1 Submarine cable networks
9.2.2 Satellite networks
9.3 Telecoms & IT 44
9.4 Wholesaling 45
10. CZECH REPUBLIC 46
10.1 National telecom network 46
10.1.1 Telefónica O2 CR
10.1.2 Alternative operators
10.1.3 Wireless Local Loop (WLL)
10.2 Telecoms & IT 47
10.3 Wholesaling 48
10.3.1 Overview
11. DENMARK 50
11.1 National telecom network 50
11.2 Structural separation 50
11.3 Alternative networks 51
11.4 International 51
11.4.1 Submarine cable networks
11.4.2 Satellite networks
11.5 Infrastructure developments 52
11.5.1 Fibre-to-the-Home (FttH)
12. ESTONIA 53
12.1 National telecom network 53
12.2 International infrastructure 54
12.2.1 Submarine cable networks
12.2.2 Satellite networks
13. FINLAND 55
13.1 National telecom network 55
13.2 International infrastructure 55
14. FRANCE 56
14.1 National telecom network 56
14.1.1 Statistics
14.2 International infrastructure 57
14.2.1 Submarine cable networks
14.2.2 Satellite networks
14.2.3 Wholesaling
14.2.3.1 Naked DSL
15. GERMANY 59
15.1 National telecom network 59
15.2 NGN 59
15.3 International infrastructure 60
15.3.1 Submarine cable networks
15.3.2 Satellite networks
15.4 Regulatory issues 60
15.4.1 Wholesaling
16. GREECE 62
16.1 National telecom network 62
16.1.1 OTE
16.1.2 Alternative operators
16.1.2.1 Tellas
16.1.2.2 FORTHnet
16.1.2.3 On Telecoms
16.1.3 Satellite networks
16.1.4 Submarine cables
16.2 Telecoms & IT 64
17. HUNGARY 65
17.1 National telecom network 65
17.1.1 Magyar Telekom
17.1.2 Alternative operators
17.1.3 Fixed wireless
17.2 International infrastructure 66
17.3 Telecoms & IT 66
17.3.1 Overview
17.4 Wholesaling 67
17.4.1 Overview
18. ICELAND 69
18.1 National telecom network 69
18.2 International infrastructure 70
19. IRELAND 71
19.1 National telecom network 71
19.2 Structural separation issues 72
19.3 NGNs 72
19.4 International 73
19.4.1 Submarine cable networks
19.4.2 Satellite networks
20. ITALY 74
20.1 National telecom network 74
20.2 International 75
20.2.1 Submarine cable networks
20.2.2 Satellite networks
20.3 Infrastructure developments 75
20.3.1 NGN
20.3.1.1 Financial crisis
20.3.1.2 Major network contracts
21. LATVIA 77
21.1 National telecom network 77
21.2 Telecoms & IT 78
22. LITHUANIA 79
22.1 National telecom network 79
22.1.1 TEO
22.1.2 Alternative operators
22.2 International infrastructure 80
22.3 Telecoms & IT 80
23. LUXEMBOURG 81
23.1 National telecom network 81
24. MACEDONIA (FYROM) 82
24.1 National telecom network 82
24.2 International infrastructure 82
24.3 Telecoms & IT 83
25. MALTA 84
25.1 National telecom network 84
25.2 International infrastructure 84
26. MOLDOVA 85
26.1 National telecom network 85
26.2 International infrastructure 85
27. MONTENEGRO 86
27.1 National telecom network 86
27.2 International infrastructure 86
28. NETHERLANDS 87
28.1 National telecom network 87
28.2 International infrastructure 87
28.3 Regulatory issues 87
28.4 Wholesaling 87
28.4.1 Wholesale Line Rent (WLR)
29. NORWAY 89
29.1 National telecom network 89
29.2 Leased lines 90
29.3 IP migration 90
29.4 International infrastructure 91
29.4.1 Submarine cable networks
29.4.2 Satellite networks
30. POLAND 92
30.1 National telecom network 92
30.1.1 TPSA
30.1.2 Alternative operators
30.2 International infrastructure 93
30.3 Telecoms & IT 93
30.3.1 Overview
30.4 Wholesaling 94
31. PORTUGAL 96
31.1 National telecom network 96
31.1.1 NGNs
31.2 International infrastructure 97
32. ROMANIA 98
32.1 National telecom network 98
32.1.1 RomTelecom
32.1.2 Alternative operators
32.2 International infrastructure 99
32.3 Telecoms & IT 100
33. RUSSIA 102
33.1 Introduction 102
33.2 Local networks 102
33.2.1 Svyazinvest regional operators
33.2.2 Central Telegraph
33.2.3 Comstar-UTS/MGTS
33.2.4 Golden Telecom
33.2.5 PeterStar
33.3 National networks 107
33.3.1 Golden Telecom
33.3.2 Rostelecom
33.3.3 TransTeleCom
33.3.4 Orange Business Services
33.4 International infrastructure 108
33.4.1 Satellite networks
33.5 Telecoms and IT 108
34. SERBIA 110
34.1 National telecom network 110
34.1.1 Kosovo
34.2 International infrastructure 111
34.2.1 Satellite networks
34.3 Telecoms & IT 111
35. SLOVAKIA 113
35.1 National telecom network 113
35.1.1 Alternative operators
35.2 Telecoms & IT 113
35.3 Wholesaling 114
36. SLOVENIA 115
36.1 National telecom network 115
36.1.1 Telekom Sloveije
36.1.2 Alternative operators
36.2 Telecoms & IT 116
36.3 Wholesaling 116
37. SPAIN 118
37.1 National telecom network 118
37.2 NGNs 118
37.3 International infrastructure 119
37.3.1 Satellite networks
37.3.2 Submarine cable
38. SWEDEN 120
38.1 National telecom network 120
38.2 International infrastructure 121
38.2.1 Submarine cable networks
38.2.2 Satellite networks
39. SWITZERLAND 122
39.1 National telecom network 122
40. UKRAINE 123
40.1 National telecom network 123
40.1.1 Ukrtelecom
40.1.2 Datagroup
40.1.3 Eurotranstelecom
40.1.4 Golden Telecom
40.1.5 Farlep
40.1.6 Comstar-UTS
40.2 International infrastructure 124
40.3 Telecoms and IT 125
41. UNITED KINGDOM 126
41.1 National telecom network 126
41.2 NGNs 127
41.2.1 Cable & Wireless
41.2.2 COLT
41.2.3 BT’s 21CN
41.2.3.1 Web21CN
41.2.4 Cable telephony
41.2.5 Fibernet
41.3 International 129
41.3.1 Submarine cable networks
41.3.2 Satellite networks
42. GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS 131


LIST OF TABLES
Table number: on page number:

Table 1 - Fibre penetration per home passed in selected European countries - January 2009 4
Table 2 - Proportion of fibre subscribers per home passed in selected European countries - January 2009 4
Table 3 - FTTx subscribers and homes passed - 2007 - 2008 5
Table 4 - FTTx deployments by model - 2006; 2008 5
Table 5 - Main European FttH deployments by operator - January 2009 5
Table 6 - FTTx deployments by country and model - January 2009 6
Table 7 - FttH/B households forecast - 2007 - 2014 7
Table 8 - FttH/B household penetration forecast in selected European countries - 2013 8
Table 9 - Fibre as proportion of total broadband connections in selected world countries - 2007 8
Table 10 - Fibre broadband access lines in selected European countries - 2007 - 2008 9
Table 11 - Fibre penetration in top European FttH markets - April 2008 9
Table 12 - Percentage of homes connected to FttH in selected European countries - June 2008 9
Table 13 - DSL and fibre data comparison 10
Table 14 - Fibre prices per household by penetration rate - 2008 10
Table 15 - FttH connections and subscribers in the Netherlands - 2006 - 2008 14
Table 16 - Planned FttH connections in the Netherlands - 2008 - 2011 15
Table 17 - Fibre accesses in Italy - 2004 - 2008 15
Table 18 - Telecom Italia fibre accesses - 2007 - 2010 16
Table 19 - Telecom Italia fibre cabinet network - 2008 - 2010 16
Table 20 - Free Paris fibre market projections - 2006; 2008; 2010; 2012; 2014 19
Table 21 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Albania - 2000 - 2007 27
Table 22 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Austria - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 28
Table 23 - Fixed-line retail revenue in Austria - 1997 - 2007 28
Table 24 - Telekom Austria Naked DSL and LLU lines - 2006 - 2007 29
Table 25 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Belarus - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 31
Table 26 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Belgium - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 33
Table 27 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Bosnia-Herzegovina - 1999 - 2007 35
Table 28 - ISDN subscribers by fixed-line incumbent in Bosnia-Herzegovina - 2000 - 2007 35
Table 29 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Bulgaria - 1995 - 1996; 1998 - 2008 37
Table 30 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Bulgaria - 2004 - 2007 38
Table 31 - Workplace network usage by network type - 2004 - 2007 39
Table 32 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Croatia - 1995 - 2008 40
Table 33 - T-HT PSTN, BRA & PRA ISDN connections - 2005 - 2007 40
Table 34 - T-HT data services lines - 2005 - 2007 40
Table 35 - Proportion of business employees utilising PCs in Croatia - 2007 41
Table 36 - Proportion of businesses utilising networks in Croatia - 2007 42
Table 37 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Cyprus - 1995 - 2007 43
Table 38 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Cyprus - 2004 - 2007 44
Table 39 - Workplace network usage by network type in Cyprus - 2004 - 2007 45
Table 40 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in the Czech Republic - 1995 - 2007 46
Table 41 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type, Czech Republic - 2004 - 2007 48
Table 42 - Workplace network usage by network type in the Czech Republic - 2004 - 2007 48
Table 43 - Access agreements with Telefónica O2 by type - 2006 - 2008 48
Table 44 - Cost of LLU and share access in the Czech Republic - 2006 - 2007 49
Table 45 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Denmark - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 50
Table 46 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Estonia - 1995 - 2007 53
Table 47 - ISDN channels in Estonia - 2000 - 2007 53
Table 48 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Finland - 2000 - 2008 55
Table 49 - Fixed-line subscriptions by type in France - 2003 - 2008 56
Table 50 - France Telecom wholesale broadband offers by type in France - 2005 - 2008 56
Table 51 - LLU, shared access price - connection, monthly rental in France - 2004 - 2007 56
Table 52 - Unbundled loops and access lines in France - 2004 - 2006; 2008 57
Table 53 - Access lines, LLU and bitstream (regulator data) in France - 2006 - 2008 57
Table 54 - France Telecom wholesale DSL, naked ADSL, WLR - 2006 - 2008 58
Table 55 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Germany - 2000 - 2007 59
Table 56 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Greece - 2000 - 2007 62
Table 57 - OTE fixed-lines in service - 2005 - 2007 62
Table 58 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Greece - 2004 - 2007 64
Table 59 - Workplace network usage by network type in Greece - 2004 - 2007 64
Table 60 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Hungary - 1995 - 2007 65
Table 61 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Hungary - 2004 - 2007 67
Table 62 - Workplace Network usage by network type in Hungary - 2004 - 2007 67
Table 63 - Access agreements with Magyar Telekom by type - 2006 - 2008 67
Table 64 - Cost of LLU and shared access in Hungary - 2006 - 2007 68
Table 65 - Access channels in the fixed network in Iceland - 2000 - 2007 69
Table 66 - Fixed lines in Iceland - 1997; 1999 - 2007 69
Table 67 - Access channels: PSTN, ISDN and DSL in Iceland - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 69
Table 68 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Ireland - 1995 - 2007 71
Table 69 - Direct / indirect access paths in Ireland - 2005 - 2008 72
Table 70 - Telecom Italia network distances - June 2008 74
Table 71 - Telecom Italia unbundled lines - 2005 - 2007 74
Table 72 - Unbundled loops and access lines in Italy - 2004 - 2008 74
Table 73 - LLU, shared access price - connection, monthly rental in Italy - 2004 - 2007 74
Table 74 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Latvia - 2000 - 2007 77
Table 75 - Lattelecom PSTN/ISDN subscribers & network digitalisation rate - 2002 - 2007 77
Table 76 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Latvia - 2004 - 2007 78
Table 77 - Workplace network usage by network type in Latvia - 2004 - 2007 78
Table 78 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Lithuania - 1995 - 2007 79
Table 79 - TEO fixed-line subscribers & outgoing call minutes - 2005 - 2007 79
Table 80 - Workplace network usage by network type in Lithuania - 2004 - 2007 80
Table 81 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Lithuania - 2004 - 2007 80
Table 82 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Luxembourg - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 81
Table 83 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Macedonia - 1995 - 2007 82
Table 84 - Fixed lines in service and penetration in Malta - 2001 - 2008 84
Table 85 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Moldova - 2000 - 2007 85
Table 86 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Montenegro - 2001 - 2007 86
Table 87 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in the Netherlands - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 87
Table 88 - KPN wholesale operating statistics - 2007 - 2008 88
Table 89 - Fixed lines in service and penetration in Norway - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 89
Table 90 - Fixed subscriptions - VoIP, cable in Norway - 2001 - 2007 89
Table 91 - Fixed subscriptions - PSTN/ISDN in Norway - 2000 - 2007 89
Table 92 - Leased line revenue by capacity in Norway - 2005 - 2007 90
Table 93 - Leased lines by capacity in Norway - 2005 - 2007 90
Table 94 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Poland - 1995 - 2007 92
Table 95 - IT market revenue in Poland - 2004 - 2008 93
Table 96 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Poland - 2004 - 2007 94
Table 97 - Workplace network usage by network type in Poland - 2004 - 2007 94
Table 98 - Cost of LLU and share access in Poland - 2006 - 2007 95
Table 99 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Portugal - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 96
Table 100 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Romania - 1995 - 2007 98
Table 101 - Fixed-line capacity of alternative operators in Romania - 2004 - 2007 98
Table 102 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Romania - 2004 - 2007 100
Table 103 - Workplace network usage by network type in Romania - 2004 - 2007 101
Table 104 - Data transmission connections by service type in Romania - 2006 - 2007 101
Table 105 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Russia - 1995 - 2007 102
Table 106 - Svyazinvest fixed-line traffic and annual change - 2007 103
Table 107 - Teledensity levels per Svyazinvest operator - 2005 - 2007 103
Table 108 - Urban and rural digitisation per Svyazinvest operator - 2006 - 2007 103
Table 109 - North-West Telecom network data - 2005 - 2007 103
Table 110 - Centertelecom network data - 2005 - 2007 104
Table 111 - VolgaTelecom network data - 2005 - 2007 104
Table 112 - Southern Telecom Company network data - 2005 - 2007 104
Table 113 - Uralsvyazinform network data - 2005 - 2007 104
Table 114 - Sibirtelecom network data - 2005 - 2007 105
Table 115 - Dalsvyaz network data - 2005 - 2007 105
Table 116 - Central Telegraph network data - 2005 - 2007 105
Table 117 - MGTS network statistics - 2005 - 2007 106
Table 118 - Russian IT market revenue - 2001 - 2007 108
Table 119 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Serbia - 2001 - 2008 110
Table 120 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Serbia - 2007 111
Table 121 - Workplace network usage by network type in Serbia - 2007 112
Table 122 - Fixed lines in service, digitalisation and teledensity in Slovakia - 1995 - 2007 113
Table 123 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Slovakia - 2004 - 2007 114
Table 124 - Workplace network usage by network type in Slovakia - 2004 - 2007 114
Table 125 - Cost of LLU and shared access in Slovakia - 2006 - 2007 114
Table 126 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Slovenia - 1995 - 2007 115
Table 127 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Slovenia - 2004 - 2007 116
Table 128 - Workplace Network usage by network type in Slovenia - 2004 - 2007 116
Table 129 - Cost of LLU and shared access in Slovenia - 2006 - 2007 116
Table 130 - Telkom Slovenije wholesale connections - 2006 - 2007 117
Table 131 - Access agreements with Telekom Slovenije by type - 2006 - 2008 117
Table 132 - Telecom network length in Spain - 2007 118
Table 133 - Fixed lines in service and penetration in Spain - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2008 118
Table 134 - Installed accesses by operator/technology - in Spain 2007 118
Table 135 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Sweden - 1995 - 2007 120
Table 136 - ISDN channels in Sweden - 2000 - 2007 120
Table 137 - Fixed lines in service, teledensity and traffic in minutes in Switzerland - 1997 - 2006 122
Table 138 - ISDN subscribers in Switzerland - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 122
Table 139 - Swisscom network infrastructure - 2004 - 2006 122
Table 140 - Fixed lines in service in Ukraine - 1995 - 2007 123
Table 141 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in the UK - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 126
Table 142 - BT retail PSTN and ISDN lines - 2004 - 2008 126
Table 143 - BT Openreach wholesale PSTN and ISDN lines - 2004 - 2008 126


LIST OF EXHIBITS
Exhibit number: on page number:

Exhibit 1 - Estimated cost of fibre by deployment in the UK - 2009 17
Exhibit 2 - Principal backbone providers in Italy - 2008 75
Exhibit 3 - Principal submarine cables from the UK - 2008 130




38. SWEDEN 120
38.1 National telecom network 120
38.2 International infrastructure 121
38.2.1 Submarine cable networks
38.2.2 Satellite networks
39. SWITZERLAND 122
39.1 National telecom network 122
40. UKRAINE 123
40.1 National telecom network 123
40.1.1 Ukrtelecom
40.1.2 Datagroup
40.1.3 Eurotranstelecom
40.1.4 Golden Telecom
40.1.5 Farlep
40.1.6 Comstar-UTS
40.2 International infrastructure 124
40.3 Telecoms and IT 125
41. UNITED KINGDOM 126
41.1 National telecom network 126
41.2 NGNs 127
41.2.1 Cable & Wireless
41.2.2 COLT
41.2.3 BT’s 21CN
41.2.3.1 Web21CN
41.2.4 Cable telephony
41.2.5 Fibernet
41.3 International 129
41.3.1 Submarine cable networks
41.3.2 Satellite networks
42. GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS 131


LIST OF TABLES
Table number: on page number:

Table 1 - Fibre penetration per home passed in selected European countries - January 2009 4
Table 2 - Proportion of fibre subscribers per home passed in selected European countries - January 2009 4
Table 3 - FTTx subscribers and homes passed - 2007 - 2008 5
Table 4 - FTTx deployments by model - 2006; 2008 5
Table 5 - Main European FttH deployments by operator - January 2009 5
Table 6 - FTTx deployments by country and model - January 2009 6
Table 7 - FttH/B households forecast - 2007 - 2014 7
Table 8 - FttH/B household penetration forecast in selected European countries - 2013 8
Table 9 - Fibre as proportion of total broadband connections in selected world countries - 2007 8
Table 10 - Fibre broadband access lines in selected European countries - 2007 - 2008 9
Table 11 - Fibre penetration in top European FttH markets - April 2008 9
Table 12 - Percentage of homes connected to FttH in selected European countries - June 2008 9
Table 13 - DSL and fibre data comparison 10
Table 14 - Fibre prices per household by penetration rate - 2008 10
Table 15 - FttH connections and subscribers in the Netherlands - 2006 - 2008 14
Table 16 - Planned FttH connections in the Netherlands - 2008 - 2011 15
Table 17 - Fibre accesses in Italy - 2004 - 2008 15
Table 18 - Telecom Italia fibre accesses - 2007 - 2010 16
Table 19 - Telecom Italia fibre cabinet network - 2008 - 2010 16
Table 20 - Free Paris fibre market projections - 2006; 2008; 2010; 2012; 2014 19
Table 21 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Albania - 2000 - 2007 27
Table 22 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Austria - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 28
Table 23 - Fixed-line retail revenue in Austria - 1997 - 2007 28
Table 24 - Telekom Austria Naked DSL and LLU lines - 2006 - 2007 29
Table 25 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Belarus - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 31
Table 26 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Belgium - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 33
Table 27 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Bosnia-Herzegovina - 1999 - 2007 35
Table 28 - ISDN subscribers by fixed-line incumbent in Bosnia-Herzegovina - 2000 - 2007 35
Table 29 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Bulgaria - 1995 - 1996; 1998 - 2008 37
Table 30 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Bulgaria - 2004 - 2007 38
Table 31 - Workplace network usage by network type - 2004 - 2007 39
Table 32 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Croatia - 1995 - 2008 40
Table 33 - T-HT PSTN, BRA & PRA ISDN connections - 2005 - 2007 40
Table 34 - T-HT data services lines - 2005 - 2007 40
Table 35 - Proportion of business employees utilising PCs in Croatia - 2007 41
Table 36 - Proportion of businesses utilising networks in Croatia - 2007 42
Table 37 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Cyprus - 1995 - 2007 43
Table 38 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Cyprus - 2004 - 2007 44
Table 39 - Workplace network usage by network type in Cyprus - 2004 - 2007 45
Table 40 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in the Czech Republic - 1995 - 2007 46
Table 41 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type, Czech Republic - 2004 - 2007 48
Table 42 - Workplace network usage by network type in the Czech Republic - 2004 - 2007 48
Table 43 - Access agreements with Telefónica O2 by type - 2006 - 2008 48
Table 44 - Cost of LLU and share access in the Czech Republic - 2006 - 2007 49
Table 45 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Denmark - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 50
Table 46 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Estonia - 1995 - 2007 53
Table 47 - ISDN channels in Estonia - 2000 - 2007 53
Table 48 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Finland - 2000 - 2008 55
Table 49 - Fixed-line subscriptions by type in France - 2003 - 2008 56
Table 50 - France Telecom wholesale broadband offers by type in France - 2005 - 2008 56
Table 51 - LLU, shared access price - connection, monthly rental in France - 2004 - 2007 56
Table 52 - Unbundled loops and access lines in France - 2004 - 2006; 2008 57
Table 53 - Access lines, LLU and bitstream (regulator data) in France - 2006 - 2008 57
Table 54 - France Telecom wholesale DSL, naked ADSL, WLR - 2006 - 2008 58
Table 55 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Germany - 2000 - 2007 59
Table 56 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Greece - 2000 - 2007 62
Table 57 - OTE fixed-lines in service - 2005 - 2007 62
Table 58 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Greece - 2004 - 2007 64
Table 59 - Workplace network usage by network type in Greece - 2004 - 2007 64
Table 60 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Hungary - 1995 - 2007 65
Table 61 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Hungary - 2004 - 2007 67
Table 62 - Workplace Network usage by network type in Hungary - 2004 - 2007 67
Table 63 - Access agreements with Magyar Telekom by type - 2006 - 2008 67
Table 64 - Cost of LLU and shared access in Hungary - 2006 - 2007 68
Table 65 - Access channels in the fixed network in Iceland - 2000 - 2007 69
Table 66 - Fixed lines in Iceland - 1997; 1999 - 2007 69
Table 67 - Access channels: PSTN, ISDN and DSL in Iceland - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 69
Table 68 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Ireland - 1995 - 2007 71
Table 69 - Direct / indirect access paths in Ireland - 2005 - 2008 72
Table 70 - Telecom Italia network distances - June 2008 74
Table 71 - Telecom Italia unbundled lines - 2005 - 2007 74
Table 72 - Unbundled loops and access lines in Italy - 2004 - 2008 74
Table 73 - LLU, shared access price - connection, monthly rental in Italy - 2004 - 2007 74
Table 74 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Latvia - 2000 - 2007 77
Table 75 - Lattelecom PSTN/ISDN subscribers & network digitalisation rate - 2002 - 2007 77
Table 76 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Latvia - 2004 - 2007 78
Table 77 - Workplace network usage by network type in Latvia - 2004 - 2007 78
Table 78 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Lithuania - 1995 - 2007 79
Table 79 - TEO fixed-line subscribers & outgoing call minutes - 2005 - 2007 79
Table 80 - Workplace network usage by network type in Lithuania - 2004 - 2007 80
Table 81 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Lithuania - 2004 - 2007 80
Table 82 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Luxembourg - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 81
Table 83 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Macedonia - 1995 - 2007 82
Table 84 - Fixed lines in service and penetration in Malta - 2001 - 2008 84
Table 85 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Moldova - 2000 - 2007 85
Table 86 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Montenegro - 2001 - 2007 86
Table 87 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in the Netherlands - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 87
Table 88 - KPN wholesale operating statistics - 2007 - 2008 88
Table 89 - Fixed lines in service and penetration in Norway - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 89
Table 90 - Fixed subscriptions - VoIP, cable in Norway - 2001 - 2007 89
Table 91 - Fixed subscriptions - PSTN/ISDN in Norway - 2000 - 2007 89
Table 92 - Leased line revenue by capacity in Norway - 2005 - 2007 90
Table 93 - Leased lines by capacity in Norway - 2005 - 2007 90
Table 94 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Poland - 1995 - 2007 92
Table 95 - IT market revenue in Poland - 2004 - 2008 93
Table 96 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Poland - 2004 - 2007 94
Table 97 - Workplace network usage by network type in Poland - 2004 - 2007 94
Table 98 - Cost of LLU and share access in Poland - 2006 - 2007 95
Table 99 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Portugal - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 96
Table 100 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Romania - 1995 - 2007 98
Table 101 - Fixed-line capacity of alternative operators in Romania - 2004 - 2007 98
Table 102 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Romania - 2004 - 2007 100
Table 103 - Workplace network usage by network type in Romania - 2004 - 2007 101
Table 104 - Data transmission connections by service type in Romania - 2006 - 2007 101
Table 105 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Russia - 1995 - 2007 102
Table 106 - Svyazinvest fixed-line traffic and annual change - 2007 103
Table 107 - Teledensity levels per Svyazinvest operator - 2005 - 2007 103
Table 108 - Urban and rural digitisation per Svyazinvest operator - 2006 - 2007 103
Table 109 - North-West Telecom network data - 2005 - 2007 103
Table 110 - Centertelecom network data - 2005 - 2007 104
Table 111 - VolgaTelecom network data - 2005 - 2007 104
Table 112 - Southern Telecom Company network data - 2005 - 2007 104
Table 113 - Uralsvyazinform network data - 2005 - 2007 104
Table 114 - Sibirtelecom network data - 2005 - 2007 105
Table 115 - Dalsvyaz network data - 2005 - 2007 105
Table 116 - Central Telegraph network data - 2005 - 2007 105
Table 117 - MGTS network statistics - 2005 - 2007 106
Table 118 - Russian IT market revenue - 2001 - 2007 108
Table 119 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Serbia - 2001 - 2008 110
Table 120 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Serbia - 2007 111
Table 121 - Workplace network usage by network type in Serbia - 2007 112
Table 122 - Fixed lines in service, digitalisation and teledensity in Slovakia - 1995 - 2007 113
Table 123 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Slovakia - 2004 - 2007 114
Table 124 - Workplace network usage by network type in Slovakia - 2004 - 2007 114
Table 125 - Cost of LLU and shared access in Slovakia - 2006 - 2007 114
Table 126 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Slovenia - 1995 - 2007 115
Table 127 - Workplace PC usage by employer size and industry type in Slovenia - 2004 - 2007 116
Table 128 - Workplace Network usage by network type in Slovenia - 2004 - 2007 116
Table 129 - Cost of LLU and shared access in Slovenia - 2006 - 2007 116
Table 130 - Telkom Slovenije wholesale connections - 2006 - 2007 117
Table 131 - Access agreements with Telekom Slovenije by type - 2006 - 2008 117
Table 132 - Telecom network length in Spain - 2007 118
Table 133 - Fixed lines in service and penetration in Spain - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2008 118
Table 134 - Installed accesses by operator/technology - in Spain 2007 118
Table 135 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in Sweden - 1995 - 2007 120
Table 136 - ISDN channels in Sweden - 2000 - 2007 120
Table 137 - Fixed lines in service, teledensity and traffic in minutes in Switzerland - 1997 - 2006 122
Table 138 - ISDN subscribers in Switzerland - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 122
Table 139 - Swisscom network infrastructure - 2004 - 2006 122
Table 140 - Fixed lines in service in Ukraine - 1995 - 2007 123
Table 141 - Fixed lines in service and teledensity in the UK - 1995; 1997; 1999 - 2007 126
Table 142 - BT retail PSTN and ISDN lines - 2004 - 2008 126
Table 143 - BT Openreach wholesale PSTN and ISDN lines - 2004 - 2008 126


LIST OF EXHIBITS
Exhibit number: on page number:

Exhibit 1 - Estimated cost of fibre by deployment in the UK - 2009 17
Exhibit 2 - Principal backbone providers in Italy - 2008 75
Exhibit 3 - Principal submarine cables from the UK - 2008 130