Personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics are inextricably linked. Pharmacogenomics is the use of genetic variations (such as SNPs, gene expression variability, or other molecular signatures) to understand and correlate with differential response to pharmaceutical agents (drugs). Pharmacogenomics can be deployed clinically to stratify patients into responders and non-responders and this practice is termed personalized medicine. The purpose of this TriMark Publications report is to describe the specific market segment of the diagnostics market called personalized medicine. To frame the context of current approaches, pharmacogenomics seeks to identify and validate the signature(s) of molecular analytes and these are converted to assays using the tools of molecular diagnostics. The deployment of these molecular diagnostics assays on defining and targeting patient populations is the domain of personalized medicine. This study includes all of the generally-accepted imaging activities that are currently used in personalized medicine, including pharmacogenomics, genomics and theranostics. It examines associated clinical market segments in which personalized medicine has taken a prominent role including cancer treatment, cardiology and neurology markets.